__( 'An incomplete personal data request for this email address already exists.' ) );
	}

	$request_id = wp_insert_post(
		array(
			'post_author'   => $user_id,
			'post_name'     => $action_name,
			'post_title'    => $email_address,
			'post_content'  => wp_json_encode( $request_data ),
			'post_status'   => 'request-' . $status,
			'post_type'     => 'user_request',
			'post_date'     => current_time( 'mysql', false ),
			'post_date_gmt' => current_time( 'mysql', true ),
		),
		true
	);

	return $request_id;
}

/**
 * Gets action description from the name and return a string.
 *
 * @since 4.9.6
 *
 * @param string $action_name Action name of the request.
 * @return string Human readable action name.
 */
function wp_user_request_action_description( $action_name ) {
	switch ( $action_name ) {
		case 'export_personal_data':
			$description = __( 'Export Personal Data' );
			break;
		case 'remove_personal_data':
			$description = __( 'Erase Personal Data' );
			break;
		default:
			/* translators: %s: Action name. */
			$description = sprintf( __( 'Confirm the "%s" action' ), $action_name );
			break;
	}

	/**
	 * Filters the user action description.
	 *
	 * @since 4.9.6
	 *
	 * @param string $description The default description.
	 * @param string $action_name The name of the request.
	 */
	return apply_filters( 'user_request_action_description', $description, $action_name );
}

/**
 * Send a confirmation request email to confirm an action.
 *
 * If the request is not already pending, it will be updated.
 *
 * @since 4.9.6
 *
 * @param string $request_id ID of the request created via wp_create_user_request().
 * @return true|WP_Error True on success, `WP_Error` on failure.
 */
function wp_send_user_request( $request_id ) {
	$request_id = absint( $request_id );
	$request    = wp_get_user_request( $request_id );

	if ( ! $request ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'invalid_request', __( 'Invalid personal data request.' ) );
	}

	// Localize message content for user; fallback to site default for visitors.
	if ( ! empty( $request->user_id ) ) {
		$switched_locale = switch_to_user_locale( $request->user_id );
	} else {
		$switched_locale = switch_to_locale( get_locale() );
	}

	$email_data = array(
		'request'     => $request,
		'email'       => $request->email,
		'description' => wp_user_request_action_description( $request->action_name ),
		'confirm_url' => add_query_arg(
			array(
				'action'      => 'confirmaction',
				'request_id'  => $request_id,
				'confirm_key' => wp_generate_user_request_key( $request_id ),
			),
			wp_login_url()
		),
		'sitename'    => wp_specialchars_decode( get_option( 'blogname' ), ENT_QUOTES ),
		'siteurl'     => home_url(),
	);

	/* translators: Confirm privacy data request notification email subject. 1: Site title, 2: Name of the action. */
	$subject = sprintf( __( '[%1$s] Confirm Action: %2$s' ), $email_data['sitename'], $email_data['description'] );

	/**
	 * Filters the subject of the email sent when an account action is attempted.
	 *
	 * @since 4.9.6
	 *
	 * @param string $subject    The email subject.
	 * @param string $sitename   The name of the site.
	 * @param array  $email_data {
	 *     Data relating to the account action email.
	 *
	 *     @type WP_User_Request $request     User request object.
	 *     @type string          $email       The email address this is being sent to.
	 *     @type string          $description Description of the action being performed so the user knows what the email is for.
	 *     @type string          $confirm_url The link to click on to confirm the account action.
	 *     @type string          $sitename    The site name sending the mail.
	 *     @type string          $siteurl     The site URL sending the mail.
	 * }
	 */
	$subject = apply_filters( 'user_request_action_email_subject', $subject, $email_data['sitename'], $email_data );

	/* translators: Do not translate DESCRIPTION, CONFIRM_URL, SITENAME, SITEURL: those are placeholders. */
	$content = __(
		'Howdy,

A request has been made to perform the following action on your account:

     ###DESCRIPTION###

To confirm this, please click on the following link:
###CONFIRM_URL###

You can safely ignore and delete this email if you do not want to
take this action.

Regards,
All at ###SITENAME###
###SITEURL###'
	);

	/**
	 * Filters the text of the email sent when an account action is attempted.
	 *
	 * The following strings have a special meaning and will get replaced dynamically:
	 *
	 * ###DESCRIPTION### Description of the action being performed so the user knows what the email is for.
	 * ###CONFIRM_URL### The link to click on to confirm the account action.
	 * ###SITENAME###    The name of the site.
	 * ###SITEURL###     The URL to the site.
	 *
	 * @since 4.9.6
	 *
	 * @param string $content Text in the email.
	 * @param array  $email_data {
	 *     Data relating to the account action email.
	 *
	 *     @type WP_User_Request $request     User request object.
	 *     @type string          $email       The email address this is being sent to.
	 *     @type string          $description Description of the action being performed so the user knows what the email is for.
	 *     @type string          $confirm_url The link to click on to confirm the account action.
	 *     @type string          $sitename    The site name sending the mail.
	 *     @type string          $siteurl     The site URL sending the mail.
	 * }
	 */
	$content = apply_filters( 'user_request_action_email_content', $content, $email_data );

	$content = str_replace( '###DESCRIPTION###', $email_data['description'], $content );
	$content = str_replace( '###CONFIRM_URL###', sanitize_url( $email_data['confirm_url'] ), $content );
	$content = str_replace( '###EMAIL###', $email_data['email'], $content );
	$content = str_replace( '###SITENAME###', $email_data['sitename'], $content );
	$content = str_replace( '###SITEURL###', sanitize_url( $email_data['siteurl'] ), $content );

	$headers = '';

	/**
	 * Filters the headers of the email sent when an account action is attempted.
	 *
	 * @since 5.4.0
	 *
	 * @param string|array $headers    The email headers.
	 * @param string       $subject    The email subject.
	 * @param string       $content    The email content.
	 * @param int          $request_id The request ID.
	 * @param array        $email_data {
	 *     Data relating to the account action email.
	 *
	 *     @type WP_User_Request $request     User request object.
	 *     @type string          $email       The email address this is being sent to.
	 *     @type string          $description Description of the action being performed so the user knows what the email is for.
	 *     @type string          $confirm_url The link to click on to confirm the account action.
	 *     @type string          $sitename    The site name sending the mail.
	 *     @type string          $siteurl     The site URL sending the mail.
	 * }
	 */
	$headers = apply_filters( 'user_request_action_email_headers', $headers, $subject, $content, $request_id, $email_data );

	$email_sent = wp_mail( $email_data['email'], $subject, $content, $headers );

	if ( $switched_locale ) {
		restore_previous_locale();
	}

	if ( ! $email_sent ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'privacy_email_error', __( 'Unable to send personal data export confirmation email.' ) );
	}

	return true;
}

/**
 * Returns a confirmation key for a user action and stores the hashed version for future comparison.
 *
 * @since 4.9.6
 *
 * @global PasswordHash $wp_hasher Portable PHP password hashing framework instance.
 *
 * @param int $request_id Request ID.
 * @return string Confirmation key.
 */
function wp_generate_user_request_key( $request_id ) {
	global $wp_hasher;

	// Generate something random for a confirmation key.
	$key = wp_generate_password( 20, false );

	// Return the key, hashed.
	if ( empty( $wp_hasher ) ) {
		require_once ABSPATH . WPINC . '/class-phpass.php';
		$wp_hasher = new PasswordHash( 8, true );
	}

	wp_update_post(
		array(
			'ID'            => $request_id,
			'post_status'   => 'request-pending',
			'post_password' => $wp_hasher->HashPassword( $key ),
		)
	);

	return $key;
}

/**
 * Validates a user request by comparing the key with the request's key.
 *
 * @since 4.9.6
 *
 * @global PasswordHash $wp_hasher Portable PHP password hashing framework instance.
 *
 * @param string $request_id ID of the request being confirmed.
 * @param string $key        Provided key to validate.
 * @return true|WP_Error True on success, WP_Error on failure.
 */
function wp_validate_user_request_key( $request_id, $key ) {
	global $wp_hasher;

	$request_id       = absint( $request_id );
	$request          = wp_get_user_request( $request_id );
	$saved_key        = $request->confirm_key;
	$key_request_time = $request->modified_timestamp;

	if ( ! $request || ! $saved_key || ! $key_request_time ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'invalid_request', __( 'Invalid personal data request.' ) );
	}

	if ( ! in_array( $request->status, array( 'request-pending', 'request-failed' ), true ) ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'expired_request', __( 'This personal data request has expired.' ) );
	}

	if ( empty( $key ) ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'missing_key', __( 'The confirmation key is missing from this personal data request.' ) );
	}

	if ( empty( $wp_hasher ) ) {
		require_once ABSPATH . WPINC . '/class-phpass.php';
		$wp_hasher = new PasswordHash( 8, true );
	}

	/**
	 * Filters the expiration time of confirm keys.
	 *
	 * @since 4.9.6
	 *
	 * @param int $expiration The expiration time in seconds.
	 */
	$expiration_duration = (int) apply_filters( 'user_request_key_expiration', DAY_IN_SECONDS );
	$expiration_time     = $key_request_time + $expiration_duration;

	if ( ! $wp_hasher->CheckPassword( $key, $saved_key ) ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'invalid_key', __( 'The confirmation key is invalid for this personal data request.' ) );
	}

	if ( ! $expiration_time || time() > $expiration_time ) {
		return new WP_Error( 'expired_key', __( 'The confirmation key has expired for this personal data request.' ) );
	}

	return true;
}

/**
 * Returns the user request object for the specified request ID.
 *
 * @since 4.9.6
 *
 * @param int $request_id The ID of the user request.
 * @return WP_User_Request|false
 */
function wp_get_user_request( $request_id ) {
	$request_id = absint( $request_id );
	$post       = get_post( $request_id );

	if ( ! $post || 'user_request' !== $post->post_type ) {
		return false;
	}

	return new WP_User_Request( $post );
}

/**
 * Checks if Application Passwords is supported.
 *
 * Application Passwords is supported only by sites using SSL or local environments
 * but may be made available using the {@see 'wp_is_application_passwords_available'} filter.
 *
 * @since 5.9.0
 *
 * @return bool
 */
function wp_is_application_passwords_supported() {
	return is_ssl() || 'local' === wp_get_environment_type();
}

/**
 * Checks if Application Passwords is globally available.
 *
 * By default, Application Passwords is available to all sites using SSL or to local environments.
 * Use the {@see 'wp_is_application_passwords_available'} filter to adjust its availability.
 *
 * @since 5.6.0
 *
 * @return bool
 */
function wp_is_application_passwords_available() {
	/**
	 * Filters whether Application Passwords is available.
	 *
	 * @since 5.6.0
	 *
	 * @param bool $available True if available, false otherwise.
	 */
	return apply_filters( 'wp_is_application_passwords_available', wp_is_application_passwords_supported() );
}

/**
 * Checks if Application Passwords is available for a specific user.
 *
 * By default all users can use Application Passwords. Use {@see 'wp_is_application_passwords_available_for_user'}
 * to restrict availability to certain users.
 *
 * @since 5.6.0
 *
 * @param int|WP_User $user The user to check.
 * @return bool
 */
function wp_is_application_passwords_available_for_user( $user ) {
	if ( ! wp_is_application_passwords_available() ) {
		return false;
	}

	if ( ! is_object( $user ) ) {
		$user = get_userdata( $user );
	}

	if ( ! $user || ! $user->exists() ) {
		return false;
	}

	/**
	 * Filters whether Application Passwords is available for a specific user.
	 *
	 * @since 5.6.0
	 *
	 * @param bool    $available True if available, false otherwise.
	 * @param WP_User $user      The user to check.
	 */
	return apply_filters( 'wp_is_application_passwords_available_for_user', true, $user );
}

/**
 * Registers the user meta property for persisted preferences.
 *
 * This property is used to store user preferences across page reloads and is
 * currently used by the block editor for preferences like 'fullscreenMode' and
 * 'fixedToolbar'.
 *
 * @since 6.1.0
 * @access private
 *
 * @global wpdb $wpdb WordPress database abstraction object.
 */
function wp_register_persisted_preferences_meta() {
	/*
	 * Create a meta key that incorporates the blog prefix so that each site
	 * on a multisite can have distinct user preferences.
	 */
	global $wpdb;
	$meta_key = $wpdb->get_blog_prefix() . 'persisted_preferences';

	register_meta(
		'user',
		$meta_key,
		array(
			'type'         => 'object',
			'single'       => true,
			'show_in_rest' => array(
				'name'   => 'persisted_preferences',
				'type'   => 'object',
				'schema' => array(
					'type'                 => 'object',
					'context'              => array( 'edit' ),
					'properties'           => array(
						'_modified' => array(
							'description' => __( 'The date and time the preferences were updated.' ),
							'type'        => 'string',
							'format'      => 'date-time',
							'readonly'    => false,
						),
					),
					'additionalProperties' => true,
				),
			),
		)
	);
}

/**
 * Sets the last changed time for the 'users' cache group.
 *
 * @since 6.3.0
 */
function wp_cache_set_users_last_changed() {
	wp_cache_set_last_changed( 'users' );
}

/**
 * Checks if password reset is allowed for a specific user.
 *
 * @since 6.3.0
 *
 * @param int|WP_User $user The user to check.
 * @return bool|WP_Error True if allowed, false or WP_Error otherwise.
 */
function wp_is_password_reset_allowed_for_user( $user ) {
	if ( ! is_object( $user ) ) {
		$user = get_userdata( $user );
	}

	if ( ! $user || ! $user->exists() ) {
		return false;
	}
	$allow = true;
	if ( is_multisite() && is_user_spammy( $user ) ) {
		$allow = false;
	}

	/**
	 * Filters whether to allow a password to be reset.
	 *
	 * @since 2.7.0
	 *
	 * @param bool $allow   Whether to allow the password to be reset. Default true.
	 * @param int  $user_id The ID of the user attempting to reset a password.
	 */
	return apply_filters( 'allow_password_reset', $allow, $user->ID );
}